As per Relevance of the word communication, we have this rfc below:
Network Working Group V.
Request for Comments: 1217
1 April 1991
Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR
Status of this
This RFC is in response to RFC 1216, "Gigabit Network Economics
Paradigm Shifts". Distribution of this memo is unlimited
To: Poorer Richard and Professor
Subject: ULSNET
From: Vint Cerf/
Date: 4/1/91
The Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR) [1] is pleased
respond to your research program announcement (RFC 1216) on
Low-Speed Networking (ULSNET). CSCR proposes to carry out a
research and development program on low-speed, low-
networks over a period of several eons. Several designs
suggested below for your consideration
1.
Military requirements place a high premium on ultra-robust
capable of supporting communication in extremely
environments. A major contributing factor in the survivability
systems is a high degree of redundancy. CSCR believes that
system designs offered below exhibit extraordinary
features which should be of great interest to DARPA and
Department of Defense
2. Jam-Resistant Land Mobile
This system uses a highly redundant optical communication
to achieve ultra-low, ultra-robust transmission. The basic unit
the M1A1 tank. Each tank is labelled with the number 0 or 1
four feet high on the tank turret in yellow, day-glo
paint. Several detection methods are under consideration
(a) A tree or sand-dune mounted forward observer (FO)
to a reach echelon main frame computer the binary
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RFC 1217 ULSNET BAA April 1991
of tanks moving in a serial column. The mainframe
the binary values and voice-synthesizes the
ASCII-encoded messages which is then radioed back to
FO. The FO then dispatches a runner to his unit HQ
the message. The system design includes two redundant
emergency back-up forward observers in different
with a third in reserve in a foxhole
(b) Wide-area communication by means of
reconnaissance satellites which detect the binary
from the M1A1 mobile system and download
information for processing in special U.S. facilities in
Washington, D.C. area. A Convection Machine [2]
will be used to perform a codebook table look-up to
the binary message. The decoded message will be
by morse-code over a packet meteor burst
channel to the appropriate Division headquarters
(c) An important improvement in the sensitivity of this
can be obtained by means of a coherent detection strategy
Using long baseline interferometry, phase
among the advancing tank column elements will be used
signal a secondary message to select among a set
codebooks in the Convenction Machine. The phase
will be carried out using Landsat imagery enhanced
suitable processing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Landsat images (of the moving tanks) will be
with SPOT Image images to obtain the phase-
information. The resulting data will be faxed
Washington, D.C., for use in the Convection
decoding step. The remainder of this process is as for (b
above
(d) It is proposed to use SIMNET to simulate this system
3. Low Speed Undersea
Using the 16" guns of the Battleship Missouri, a pulse-code
message will be transmitted via the Pacific Ocean to the
Research Center in California. Using a combination of fixed
towed acoustic hydrophone arrays, the PCM signal will be detected
recorded, enhanced and analyzed both at fixed installations
aboard undersea vessels which have been suitably equipped.
alternative acoustic source is to use M1A1 main battle tanks
150 mm H.E. ordnance. It is proposed to conduct tests of this
in the Persian Gulf during the summer of 1991.
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RFC 1217 ULSNET BAA April 1991
4. Jam-Resistant Underwater
The ULS system proposed in (2) above has the weakness that it
readily jammed by simple depth charge explosions or other sources
acoustic noise (e.g., Analog Equipment Corporation DUCK-TALK
synthesizers linked with 3,000 AMP amplifiers). An alternative is
make use of the ultimate in jam resistance: neutrino transmission
For all practical purposes, almost nothing (including several light
years of lead) will stop a neutrino. There is, however, a
cross-section which can be exploited provided that a cubic mile
sea water is available for observing occasional neutrino-
interactions which produce a detectable photon burst. Thus, we
the basis for a highly effective, extremely low speed
system for communicating with submarines
There are a few details to be worked out
(a) the only accelerator available to us to generate
bursts is located at Batavia National Laboratory (BNL).
(b) the BNL facility can only send neutrino bursts in
direction (through the center of the Earth) to a site
Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Consequently, all submarines
be scheduled to pass near Tierra del Fuego on a
basis to coincide with the PCM neutrino signalling
the BNL source
(c) the maximum rate of neutrino burst transmission
approximately once every 20 seconds. This high rate can
reduced considerably if the pwer source for the
is limited to a rate sustainable by discharging a
capacitor which is trickle charged by a 2 square foot
panel mounted to face north
5. Options for Further Reducing Effective
(a) Anti-Huffman Coding. The most frequent symbol
assigned the longest code, with code lengths reducing
symbol probability
(b) Minimum likelihood decoding. The least
interpretation of the detected symbol is selected
maximize the probability of decoding error
(c) Firefly cryptography. A random signal (mason jar full
fireflies) is used to encipher the transmitted signal
optical combining. At the receiving site, another jar
fireflies is used to decipher the message. Since
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RFC 1217 ULSNET BAA April 1991
correlation between the transmitting and receiving
jars is essentially nil, the probability of
decipherment is quite low, yielding a very low
transmission rate
(d) Recursive Self-encapsulation. Since it is self-evident
layered communication is a GOOD THING, more
must be better. It is proposed to recursively
each of the 7 layers of OSI, yielding a 49
communications model. The redundancy
retransmission and flow control achieved by this
should produce an extremely low bandwidth system if
indeed, any information can be transmitted at all. It
proposed that the top level application layer utilize ASN.1
encoded in a 32 bit per character set
(e) Scaling. The initial M1A1 tank basis for the land
communication system can be improved. It is proposed
reduce the effective data rate further by replacing
tanks with shuttle launch vehicles. The only slower
of signalling might be the use of cars on any freeway in
Los Angeles area
(f) Network Management. It is proposed to adopt the
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) as a standard
ULSNET. All standard Management Information
variables will be specified in Serbo-Croatian and
computations carried-out in reverse-Polish
(g) Routing. Two alternatives are proposed
(1) Mashed Potato
(2) Airline Baggage Routing [due to S. Cargo
The former is a scheme whereby any incoming packets
stored for long periods of time before forwarding. If
for storage becomes a problem, packets are compressed
removing bits at random. Packets are then returned to
sender. In the latter scheme, packets are mislabelled at
initial switch and randomly labelled as they are
through the network. A special check is made
forwarding to avoid routing to the actual
destination
CSCR looks forward to a protracted and fruitless discussion with
on this subject as soon as we can figure out how to transmit
proposal
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RFC 1217 ULSNET BAA April 1991
[1] The Consortium was formed 3/27/91 and includes David Clark
John Wroclawski, and Karen Sollins/MIT, Debbie Deutsch/BBN
Bob Braden/ISI, Vint Cerf/CNRI and several others whose
have faded into an Alzheimerian oblivion...
[2] Convection Machine is a trademark of Thoughtless Machines, Inc.,
a joint-venture of Hot-Air Associates and Air Heads
using vaporware from the Neural Network Corporation
Security
Security issues are not discussed in this memo
Author's
Vint
Corporation for National Research
1895 Preston White Drive, Suite 100
Reston, VA 22091
Phone: (703) 620-8990
EMail: CERF@NRI.RESTON.VA.
Cerf [Page 5]
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