As per Relevance of the word telephone, we have this rfc below:
Network Working Group C.
Request for Comments: 1789 University of North
Category: Informational April 1995
INETPhone: Telephone Services and Servers on
Status of this
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
memo is unlimited
IESG
Internet Engineering Steering Group comment from the Transport
Director: Please note well that this memo is an individual product
the author. Work on standards and technology related to this
is additionally taking place in the IETF in the Multiparty
SessIon Control Working Group (MMUSIC).
INETPhone is a true telephone service through the Internet.
integrates the local telephone networks and the Internet
INETPhone servers. Thus a long distance call can be split into
local calls and an Internet connection, which is transparent to
users. Such a phone service through Internet will be a major
towards integrated services on Internet. In order to support
INETPhone and lay down the ground rules of the service, a scheme
"open partnership" is proposed, so that the entire Internet
can have the equal opportunity and benefits from the
service
1.
The success of traditional Internet services, such as the
mail, the file transfer, and the remote machine access, has
a row of new network applications -- the world-wide information web
voice and video conferencing, and network telemarketing are just
few to mention. With the further development in infrastructure
the architecture of integrated, multimedia information
[1,2,3], certainly the Internet will play a crucial role in
up the future of so-called information super-highway
Among many new applications, the voice communication through
bears perhaps the most potential impact, since it competes
with the telephone communication, which has become an
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RFC 1789 Telephone Service and Servers on Internet April 1995
part of the modern society. Recently, many software packages
available, either commercially or as public free-ware, which
voice communication on Internet. Some of these products are
directly as possible substitution for long distance
services. However, so far, all such products only support
communications using a computer that is on the Internet or
connected, via a SLIP link, to the Internet [4].
This RFC presents a true telephone service, called INETPhone,
supports voice communication through the Internet.
integrates the local phone network with the Internet. The
network provides local access of INETPhone service with the
telephone facilities, whereas the Internet delivers the packets
voice communication over long distances. The service of INETPhone
illustrated by the following scenario. Assuming a user at area
wants to call another user in area B. The user first makes a
call to an INETPhone server in area A. After the connection, the
keys in the remote phone number in area B to the server. Then
server in area A makes a connection to another INETPhone server
area B, and requests the remote server to dial, as a local call,
phone number in area B. Therefore, a long distance phone
between users in area A and B is established via two local
connections and one Internet connection between two
servers
The INETPhone provides a general service of voice communication
Internet compatible to the existing telephone service.
motivation in developing and experimenting the INETPhone service
be two-folds: on the one hand, a general telephone service on
Internet will be a major step towards integrated services on
and a great challenge to the future development of
infrastructure and protocol architecture; on the other hand,
entire Internet community can take the advantage from the cheap
convenient voice communication of the INETPhone service
2. Design
The design philosophy of the INETPhone differs from the most
current voice communication services on Internet in three
aspects: integrating the existing telephone networks with
Internet; using the INETPhone servers to carry out the task of
packet delivery on Internet; and an open-partnership of
the INETPhone service on Internet. The discussion of each of
aspects is given as follows
The conventional telephone service is the most popular and
means for voice communication across distances. Any serious effort
integrate voice communication on the Internet should take the
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RFC 1789 Telephone Service and Servers on Internet April 1995
advantage of this well-established service. The INETPhone
the existing telephone network with the Internet, so that the
of the INETPhone service will be totally based on the local
services and facilities. This will lead to a much easier access
broader user population than the approaches of computer-based access
The INETPhone service is based on the client-server model, in which
group of INETPhone servers are responsible for accepting/
local calls and deliverying voice packets across the Internet.
general users (as clients) can easily access the service through
conventional phone with a local call. The creation of such
servers eases the burden from general users, and provides services
voice communication on the Internet in a more efficient
manageable manner
Hundreds even thousands of INETPhone servers will be required for
wide coverage of INETPhone services on the Internet (to cover
areas within US, at least one server needs to be installed in
area of phone area code). Instead of letting few
monopolize such a service on the Internet, an alternative
based on an open-partnership scheme of INETPhone service is
(see Section 5), which will give equal opportunity and benefits
the entire Internet community
3. INETPhone
The central components of the INETPhone service are its servers
Internet. The server acts as a gateway between the telephone
and the Internet. For this purpose, the server will have
interfaces to a computer network and the telephone network
Currently, there are many commercial telephone interface
available on the market (such as Dialogic's Voice Boards [5]),
support various telephone operations of detecting/
telephone signals (ring, DTMF, etc. [6]), receiving/initiating
calls, recording (digitizing and compressing) or playing back
signals, and monitoring the progress of a phone call
With the support of necessary hardware interfaces, the function of
INETPhone server includes
(a) Receive a local call or accept a connection from a
server
(b) Identify the PIN of a local call and determine if to
the call or not
(c) Accept a phone number for remote dialing from a local call
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RFC 1789 Telephone Service and Servers on Internet April 1995
(d) Look up the local directory for a remote server of
requested call
(e) Make a connection to a remote server
(f) Make a local phone call upon the request of a remote server
(g) Maintain full-duplex, real-time exchanges of voice
via Internet
(h) Maintain information exchanges with Directory Servers (
Section 4);
(i) Handle exceptional conditions, such as long delay or drop
voice packets
(j) Monitor quality of service and keep accounting information
The above listed functions represent probably the
requirements for each INETPhone server. Some further
features, such as compression/decompression, security, multicasting
and voice mail need also to be considered when a real service
INETPhone is launched on the Internet. Since a general public of
Internet community might be involved in this proposed
service, it is probably necessary to set an open standard in
building of INETPhone servers (see Section 5).
4. Directory
The main philosophy behind the INETPhone service is to reduce a
distance phone call into two local calls and an Internet connection
Therefore, an INETPhone server will always be identified by its
address with its local area code of the phone number (also
with its sub-regional number). In order to support a
configuration of INETPhone servers on the Internet, a
Server(s) (DS) will be required to map between IP address and
code of INETPhone servers, which in some sense, is similar to
functions of a Name Server (such as the BIND [7]). After
INETPhone server is installed on the Internet, it needs to
itself with a DS. The mapping information at DS will be
to INETPhone servers for the search of a remote server in response
a requested phone call. Local cache of mapping information may
be maintained at INETPhone servers to alleviate
between INETPhone servers and Directory Server(s). Again,
function of a Directory Server for the INETPhone may require
open specification
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RFC 1789 Telephone Service and Servers on Internet April 1995
5. Open
Voice communication and telephone service are important parts
providing integrated information services over the Internet.
the current trends of commercialized services over the Internet
sooner or later, some kind of telephone services will be launched
the Internet by some private companies. On the other hand,
operation of the INETPhone service will depend on the installment
enough INETPhone servers over the Internet, which can be
through a cooperative effort of the entire Internet community.
RFC proposes an open-partnership scheme for the INETPhone service
which provides equal opportunity and benefits to the entire
community
An outline of the proposed open-partnership scheme is listed
follows
(a) Any organization or individual person can join or
from this open-partnership on a voluntary base
(b) In order to join the partnership (therefore becoming a
of the partnership), an organization or a person should
least install and maintain an INETPhone server on
Internet with the equal capacity of lines for call-in
dial-out services
(c) Each member of the partnership has the equal right to use
INETPhone service through any INETPhone servers on
Internet. All services will bear the same charges based
the number of bytes transmitted through the Internet
whatever the rate (if any) laid down by the
authority
(d) A not-for-profit consortium will be formed from
representatives of all members of the partnership. The
task of the consortium is to establish all regulations
specifications of the INETPhone service, and to
the execution of these rules by all the members
7.
If there is enough interests in the INETPhone service from
Internet community, the IAB may need to consider forming a
task force or working group to further look into the matter
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RFC 1789 Telephone Service and Servers on Internet April 1995
8.
[1] Adie, C., "Network Access to Multimedia Information", RFC 1614,
Edinburgh University, May 1994.
[2] Braden, R., Clark, D., and S. Shenker, "Integrated Services
the Internet Architecture: an Overview", RFC 1633, ISI, MIT
Xerox PARC, June 1994.
[3] Weider, C., and P. Deutsch, "A Vision of an Integrated
Information Service", RFC 1727, Bunyip Information Systems
December 1994.
[4] Walters, R., "Computer Telephone Integration", Artech
Publishers, Norwood, MA, 1994.
[5] Dialogic Corporation, "Voice Hardware Reference", Parsippany, NJ
1994.
[6] Noll, M., "Introduction to Telephones and Telephone Systems", 2
Ed., Artech House Publishers, Norwood, MA, 1991.
[7] Albitz, P., and C. Liu, "DNS and BIND", O'Reilly & Associates
Sebastopol, Calif., 1992.
8. Security
Security will be an important issue in the INETPhone service. As
general proposal, however, this RFC chooses to leave this topic
future discussions
9.
This RFC is based on a currently undergoing project supported by
Department of Computer Science, University of North Texas
10. Author's
Cui-Qing
Dept. of Computer
University of North
P.O. Box 13886
Denton, TX 76203
Phone: (817) 565-2822
Fax: (817) 565-2799
EMail: cqyang@cs.unt.
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if you see any problems within the linking, don't worry be happy,
this is version 0.1 of the Relevance System and you gotta expect some crappy subroutines sometimes,
just be content we did not write this in Java, which would have made this "bigger and better" HAHAHHA.
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