As per Relevance of the word organization, we have this rfc below:
Network Working Group ACM
Request for Comments: 1359 Networking
FYI: 16 August 1992
Connecting to the
What Connecting Institutions Should
Status of this
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It
not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo
unlimited
This FYI RFC outlines the major issues an institution should
in the decision and implementation of a campus connection to
Internet
In order to provide clarity to the reader, some specific
has been detailed. In doing so, the document has been
toward U.S. academic institutions that have not yet connected to
Internet
However, the issues for which specific information has been
can be generalized for any organization that wishes to participate
the world-wide Internet community. It will be necessary for
organizations to obtain the correct and detailed information
their local or national IP service providers. In addition,
document may be used as an evaluation checklist for
that are currently connected. Readers are expected to have
familiarity with networking concepts and terminology
Table of
1. Acknowledgements.............................................. 2
2. Introduction.................................................. 2
3. Initial Planning/Pre-Internet Installation Phase............... 4
3.1 Ask the Vital Question...................................... 4
3.2 Reasons Why to Participate................................... 5
3.3 Connection Options........................................... 6
3.4 Connection Service Providers................................. 7
3.5 Sample Questions for Connection Services Providers........... 8
3.5.1 Sample Questions........................................... 8
3.6 Cost Assessment.............................................. 9
4. Initial Implementation and Startup Phase....................... 10
4.1 Policy Issues................................................ 10
NETTF [Page 1]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
4.2 Connection to the Mid-level Network.......................... 11
4.3 IP Addresses and Domain Names................................ 11
4.4 Technical Issues............................................. 12
4.5 Support...................................................... 12
4.6 Training..................................................... 13
4.7 Promotion.................................................... 13
5. Full Production/Maintenance................................... 13
5.1 Technical Issues............................................. 14
5.2 Human Factors................................................ 14
6. Evaluation Strategies......................................... 15
7. Appendix A. Partial List of IP Service Providers.............. 16
8. Appendix B. NSFNet Backbone Services Acceptable Use Policy.... 22
9. References.................................................... 23
10. Security Considerations....................................... 24
11. Authors' Addresses............................................ 24
1.
This document was created through the efforts of the ACM
Networking Taskforce. NETTF was created in 1989 under the
of Martyne Hallgren and with the approval and support of the
Executive Board
The Networking Taskforce was created to increase awareness
understanding of the Internet, to disseminate information
research on development and use of the Internet, to
innovative and appropriate use of Internet resources, and to
and encourage cooperation between the SIGUCCS membership and
organizations, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF),
with similar goals towards networking
2.
The Internet is a world-wide network of networks with
linking organizations in North and South America, Europe, The
Basin and other countries not previously included. The
are administratively independent from one another. There is
central, worldwide, technical control point. Yet, working
these organizations have created what to a user seems to be a
virtual network that spans the globe
The networks all use a common suite of networking protocols, TCP/IP
It is because of this commonality of protocols, this commonality
network functionality and interoperability that the networks
what may appear to be a seamless, integrated virtual network
irregardless of the underlying heterogeneity of the
computer hardware or communications transport
NETTF [Page 2]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
The most basic functions provided are electronic mail, access
remote computational and informational facilities and file transfer
The networking protocols were first deployed in the late 1960's
the United States. For several years, they were only used for
specific research activities and in some computer
departments
In 1985, at a meeting of National Science Foundation
specialists and higher educations representatives, a new
data networking backbone, using these protocols, was outlined
acted as a catalyst resulting in dramatic changes in data
technologies and usage
Originally conceived to connect the six national
centers that had been established, in the ensuing years, the
backbone network and its associated mid-level networks have
dramatically. The networks built for mission and discipline
uses have also grown dramatically. More importantly, because of
common technology, they have been able to be connected together
increasing their reach and as a result, their usefulness to the
community with very little additional expense. The end result is
robust technology supporting the higher education and
community. Its continued development and growth are essential
maintaining excellence in education and research
The use of the Internet has steadily and dramatically grown over
past years. More and more sites have connected. Each site may
more and more uses of the network, as existing users expand and
users are added resulting in exponential growth of network traffic
But even more dramatic are the explosions in growth due to
innovative applications. Networks are having a dramatic effect
everything from libraries to elementary schools, from
expensive scientific instruments to using databases to
atmospheric data to electronic publishing and
collaborations building "workplaces without walls".
The number of organizations connected at present is
growing. At present, the organizations that connect through
Internet include universities and colleges, research laboratories
government and private, libraries, specialized scientific centers
state agencies, K-12 (Kindergarten-12th Grade) organizations
individuals, and individual research labs. But no matter what
of organization it is, they all have the same need to understand
it means to connect to the Internet
An institution must anticipate and prepare for four critical
in the deployment of an Internet connection. The list of
discussed within this document is not exhaustive but rather
NETTF [Page 3]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
information provided should alert decision makers to major
they should address during the different phases of
deployment
As each issue is discussed, both soft and hard cost items will
identified. Both must be considered when determining the real
of deploying an Internet connection. The hard cost items
costs for which invoices are created. They include the costs for
circuits or phone lines, the purchase of modems or csu's and routers
network membership dues and upgrades to existing hardware to make
network compatible. Soft costs are harder to quantify but no
important. These costs include training and education of staff
faculty, and students, modifications to support staffing
structure, deployment of new network applications or network
such as FTP servers, centralized electronic mail services,
campus-wide information systems. It should also be recognized
the soft costs involved also result in benefits that can easily
seen as people investment and organizational investment
The four phases of an Internet Connection deployment are
A. Initial planning/Pre-Internet installation
B. Initial Implementation and Startup
C. Full Production/Maintenance
D. Evaluation/Upgrade
3. Initial Planning/Pre-Internet Installation
3.1 Ask the Vital
An institution must first address the question, "What does
community/institution gain from participating in the
community?".
Both commercial and non-profit education and research
rightfully spend a great deal of high level effort to define
mission and goals. Any introduction of new technology --
particularly one which involves new modes and methodologies
communication -- should be assessed in light of the institution's
mission and goals as well as the wants and needs of the
community it serves
Following, and as part of this evaluation, key institution
makers (at the highest levels of the organization) will
information not only on the cost of connection, but more
on the purpose and scope of participation in the Internet.
decision to participate requires not only the strong commitment
senior administration but also the support and endorsement of
NETTF [Page 4]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
general institutional community. In the case of an
institution, it is critical to have the support and active
of the faculty. This decision will also involve a campus wide
assessment to determine the interest and support of the
community
3.2 Reasons Why to
The deployment of an Internet connection provides the impetus for
development of a campus wide strategy for the use of
technology which may otherwise never be accessible. It may
difficult to quantify such benefits but they must be included in
justification process. Many institutions have already done this
are very likely already connected. An interested institution
will consult with a nearby, connected organization to see
benefit they have derived from the connection. An
looking at a connection for the first time must decide if a
reason is simply to participate in a technology that has
proven itself as being important to education; more importantly,
may be a requirement now to compete with peer organizations
This is especially important to consider when recruiting both
faculty and students. New faculty will want to continue with
research and academic collaborations which may require resources
affordable to the institution. These resources can be made
via the network. As a result, a university or college may be able
recruit students and offer a new curriculum that demands access
resources that would only be available via the network.
potential gain in prestige, research participation and dollars
well work the investment
Many universities have also discovered economic efficiencies.
subscription services have traditionally required a dedicated
expensive access method. More and more of these services are
accessible via the Internet. This trend will undoubtedly continue
more and more commercial companies make their services available
While the subscription fee may not alter, the cost of the
connection may by used to finance an Internet connection; not
will the availability of the particular service be greater but
underlying access medium can be used for multiple functions
Libraries, many already with automated catalogs, are looking
various new applications to deal with the glut of information
shrinking dollars and limited shelf space. Electronic journals
image-based text, publishing on demand are all issues that are
evaluated for the digital library. Universities are automating
integrating a variety of activities and providing access to
students and staff via a campus network. At some universities
NETTF [Page 5]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
students are able to register for classes, look at their grades,
check their bill from their dorm room instead of having to
through long lines. Some universities are able to keep in
with their alumni, through a variety of on-line
resources
NSFNet was first created to facilitate access to five
supercomputer centers, centers which still provide to
leading edge computational technologies to support research in
variety of areas, from black holes to pollution in the L.A. basin
Today, researchers and students alike have access to a broad range
computational, informational, and scientific instrumentation that
be used remotely, with no loss of productivity. For
organizations, this means that they now can recruit faculty
research requirements that they themselves could never afford.
means access to research funding. At the same time, it opens up
opportunity to faculty and students to select their next
for reasons other than the hardware currently owned
3.3 Connection
There are a variety of connection options. Factors besides costs
be used to select the appropriate option or a series of options
These factors include size and projected use (traffic) of
connection, nature of the use and purpose of the enterprise
the effort
There are three basic categories of IP service connection
at this time. All three categories support essentially the same
of functions. They support a variety of line speeds (which
total capacity of the connection) and will run on a variety
hardware platforms. Performance depends on the line speed,
hardware and software used, and the use
The three basic connection categories are
a) dedicated
b) dialup
c) dialup access to a connection
A dedicated connection requires a dedicated, point-to-
telecommunications circuit and an IP router (a dedicated
device), linking the organization to the Internet. Line speeds
from 9.6 Kb to 45 Mb, with the most common connection speeds
56Kb and 1.54 Mb. A dedicated connection to the Internet
commonly connects to a campus-wide network with several hosts
workstations
NETTF [Page 6]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
A dialup connection requires a workstation, which may or may not
dedicated to networking, with appropriate networking software and
attached modem. It uses a regular phone line. When a
connection is needed, the workstation is used to establish
connection over the modem and phone line. At the end of use,
connection is broken. Line speeds range from 9.6Kb to 56Kb,
lower speeds being most common. It can be used to connect a
workstation or a LAN. However, if it is used to connect a LAN,
workstation must provide some routing functionality
Several IP service providers offer dialup access to a
service. Such a service provides only remote login capabilities
other limited functions by calling a local phone number and
up a single function environment. A terminal emulator is used from
MAC or a PC. The service can support speeds from 2.4Kb - 19.2 Kb
Providers usually charge a flat-rate connection fee as opposed to
connection fee and traffic charge
As each type of connection alternative is examined, the
must consider the technical evolution and cost projections.
appropriate campus agency (usually an information
telecommunications area) should inventory the existing
networking. For those organizations that do currently have a
network, the inventory will provide valuable input to the
of a short and long term technology evolution strategy
If a campus network does not yet exist, the development of a
networking strategy may have the effect of an upgrade of
throughout the campus. In either case, the question of how to
network connectivity to the workstations on the faculty and
desks, large user rooms, residence halls, libraries and campus
must eventually be addressed
A connection to the Internet does not always imply the development
a campus-wide network. In some cases, it may be appropriate for
a small segment of the organization's community to have access to
Internet. Often, organizations will use such a strategy as a way
introduce the technology to a small group of enthusiastic
who become champions in their own right
3.4 Connection Service
There are several organizations, not-for-profit and commercial,
now offer connectivity services to the Internet. Refer to Appendix
for a partial list
There is no hard and fast rule specifying to whom an
should approach for a connection. Historically, there has been
NETTF [Page 7]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
tendency for an academic institution to become a member of
closest mid-level network. The best approach, given the
number of IP service providers, is to consider all the providers
offer services in the region, consider the variety and quality
services offered within in the framework of the organization'
requirements and make an informed decision based on that information
3.5 Sample Questions for Connection Services
It is often hard to know what questions should be asked
evaluating different service providers. The following set
questions have been included at a starting point for any
with an IP service provider
3.5.1 Sample
a) What connection services do they offer? Please describe
detail (i.e., until you understand what they are
about).
b) What is the cost
c) What is included in the cost
-the circuit cost (installation and monthly charge
-the router (cost of onsite router, cost of
router
-hardware/
-maintenance, of what??
-membership
d) Is there any other kind of charge not included in the
cost
e) What are their support services
-NOC
-NIC
-What do they mean by either organization
f) Do they fix the router when it's broken
g) Do they require 24 hour access to the physical location
h) Do they require an onsite person be available to them
assist in problem diagnosis
i) What training is available? Is it included in above cost??
j) Do they have an acceptable use policy
NETTF [Page 8]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
k) Is there an annual meeting
l) Do they have dedicated (i.e., full time), professional staff
m) Are there limitations to connecting to other parts of
Internet (i.e., can you everywhere you need to get?)?
n) To whom else do they provide service
-references
If any of this information is confidential, consider finding
service provider
3.6 Cost
An organization contemplating a connection to the Internet should
careful to consider not only the physical connection and
costs but also the costs of supporting the resulting
infrastructure. This infrastructure includes the development
continued support of a campus-wide network. At some universities
this network may only support data, but at many universities
other organizations, the development of a campus-wide network
evolve to consider data, voice, and video as the applications
requirements of information technologies supported by
technologies expand
The Internet provides access to a wide variety of resources and
broad set of functions and services which may or may not have
available locally. Support staff will require education and
to support and in turn train the faculty, other staff, and
in the use of the new technology and new resources made available
This training may mean strategic re-orientation and deployment
campus networking information services. The costs of such added
value services should be planned for in advance
Increased use of the campus network will make additional demands
existing network technical staff. Areas of the institution
currently participating in data network services will want
participate. While not all of these services can be
quantified in terms of costs, they must be anticipated
incorporated into campus planning for an Internet connection.
areas may include libraries, dormitories, student services, and
depositories
The implementation of an Internet connection provides the impetus
the development of a campus-wide strategy for the use of
technologies which may otherwise have never been accessible. It
be difficult to quantify such benefits but they must be included
NETTF [Page 9]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
the justification process. The benefits can include access
expensive, scientific instruments such as computational
(i.e., massively parallel supercomputers) or particle accelerators
Clearly, this access means that the organization will have the use
these facilities without the cost of buying one, thus provide
effective recruiting tool for bright, young PHD's who require
kind of resource
4. Initial Implementation and Startup
Once the institution decides to connect to the Internet,
tasks should get underway. In rough terms, the tasks relate
policy, process definition, education, promotion, technical
fiscal issues. Several of these tasks should be
simultaneously
4.1 Policy
The campus community should develop guidelines for acceptable use
the network. These guidelines not only include policies
the use of the campus net, but now extend to guidelines for
appropriate use of the Internet as well. Appropriate use policy
include policies developed by the Internet community. NSF has
acceptable use policy which applies to use of the backbone
they provide. See Appendix B. Each of the mid-level networks
well as other organizations with their own backbone networks
their own acceptable use policy, which may not be the same as that
NSF's. It is important to be aware of the limitations or lack
limitations when connecting and using various networks
The development of an acceptable use policy, in addition to
protection to the institution provides an excellent opportunity
develop campus guidelines for privacy and security issues
computing in general. Guidelines about data available on the
and the proper use of that data and how data may be properly used
who may properly use it, issues of copyright and
requirements of FTP-able documents; all these topics should
considered
Ethical guidelines concerning the use and possible misuse of
and data banks available over the Internet must be
developed and published across the institution and in the hands
faculty, staff, and students. Considerable work has already
expended in developing several good references which can be used
guide the development of these policies. See FYI 8, RFC 1244, "
Security Handbook" [1].
NETTF [Page 10]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
In order to maximize usage for the entire Internet community,
campus community must learn proper etiquette in the use of
network, including such issues as the management of large files,
compression, and the efficient use of electronic mail. See RFC 1087,
"Ethics and the Internet" [2].
4.2 Connection to the Mid-level
By this time, the organization should have decided what type
connection they want and with which service provider they will
working. There are specific technical details which must
addressed in the initial deployment of the connection. There is
evaluation of hardware and software. The mid-level network
institution providing the connection is often an excellent
to complement the on-campus group in determining the
configuration. It is vital to understand before this time
what items the organization will be required to purchase or that
be provided at part of a fee-based service. (Refer back to
sample set of questions.)
4.3 IP Addresses and Domain
Every organization connecting to the network must have a
identifier. This identifier is known as the campus IP
address. In addition to a numerical identifier, most
also get what is known as a domain name. It is through the
address and the domain name that the organization's hosts will
know throughout the Internet
An organization must register with the authority that assigns a
addresses and for a domain name. The IP address is assigned by
Internet Address Naming Authority (IANA). The Domain Name is
by the organization. A domain name is simply a character string
maps to the IP address. It makes it easier for humans to
than a unique set of numbers. It is beyond the scope of
document to include a tutorial on IP addresses and domain names.
more information on IP addresses and domain names, refer to
Comer's textbook, "Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles
Protocols, and Architectures" [3]. (See also FYI 5, RFC 1178,
"Choosing a Name for Your Computer" [4].)
There are different classes of Internet addresses, which
to the number of hosts an organization anticipates connecting to
networks. Thus the campus should carefully consider the
growth of its own network in applying for the appropriate class
membership. The IP service provider is an excellent source of
in choosing a membership class
NETTF [Page 11]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
At this time, there is no cost associated with registration for
addresses or domain names
The actual procedure for applying for the IP address and domain
should be explained and is often provided to the
organization by the IP service provider
4.4 Technical
The installation itself should occur with with as little
to the campus network as possible. To accomplish a such deployment
the organization should develop a complete plan of action,
would include the following steps (some may be simultaneous; some
be done by the service provider; the list is not exhaustive):
a) order, install, test circuit or phone
b) IP address and domain name
c) hardware purchasing/
d) routing configurations/reconfig campus
e) bring up router, test end-to-end
f) make available to
4.5
Perhaps the most challenging task in the initial deployment of
Internet connection is the resulting reorientation of
technical and network information services. There are
responsibilities for network management as well as added
information services to support the connection.
administrators must recognize, plan and budget for these added tasks
Administration must also ensure that there is a clear delineation
duties among technical and network information services staff
avoid needless duplication of effort or conflict
Concurrent with the deployment of the network, the education of
user community is critical. This includes creation of
on basic information about the Internet and specific campus
as well as details on remote resources (library catalogs,
servers, etc) and how to use them
Many organizations have already created excellent documentation
they are willing to share. They generally only require
in return for distribution rights (for educational purposes only).
NETTF [Page 12]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
4.6
Networking problems experienced by end-users are often the result
mis-information or campus-specific configurations as opposed
problems at the mid-level or backbone. An investment in staff
user training and documentation at the beginning of the
deployment is an investment that will show a clear return in the
term
User training is critical but depending on the size of the campus,
is impossible to expect the support staff to train users on
individual basis. Rather, it's important to consider developing
promoting a hierarchy of support personal, so the central
staff is actually training the trainers who then go out and
their particular group of users
The most critical course taught to users is on local information
the basic functions of the network, electronic mail, file transfer
and remote login. Good documentation will help promote
successful use of the network. Documentation should be clear
concise and to the point. During the training, it is important
address the most commonly asked questions first
4.7
A network is only as successful as the users say it is. From
very beginning, the network must be presented to them as a
tool. Promotion, through newsletters and other
communication vehicles must be considered a required activity.
active promotion strategy will allow an organization to set
expectations of the users in regards to service and performance
especially important for a networking staff that is just learning
Faculty involvement from the very beginning is vital. It
important to gain their support and to build on it. Whether it
through faculty advisory committees or direct contact
individuals, their feedback and support can be a healthy measure
success
5. Full Production/
As the campus community incorporates the Internet as part as
usual routine, those responsible for the campus network and
Internet connection must ensure the accessibility, reliability,
relative ease of use of the network. This ongoing maturation of
network constitutes a vital service to the user community
NETTF [Page 13]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
As the network becomes a crucial tool in the user community's
routine, so does the interface between the operations, information
and user services staffs and the end users gain in importance
Responding to end-user problems with courtesy and
responsibility for resolving the end-user concern (as opposed
actual technical problem) creates a working environment of trust
partnership
5.1 Operation
There will be hardware and software support, including updating
maintaining compatible software revisions, planned replacement
maintenance of communications hardware to make use of new technology
and routine network operations center activities. This includes
number administration, monitoring of the network to determine
patterns, optimal routing, continuous and accurate updates of
problems as well as trouble shooting problem areas of the campus net
The network staff will have to maintain its campus routing tables
If the site serves as a backbone site, it may have to maintain
for its designated area
It is important to continue to have a close relationship between
operations staff and the engineering staff. The operations
must have a quick inroad to engineering to ensure quick responses
the user community as problems are reported
The scope of these technical activities depend upon the size of
campus network and the level of campus responsibility for
Internet connection. The responsibilities grow both in scale
importance as the institution comes to rely on the services of
network and its access to the Internet
5.2 Information and User
The education, training and promotion activities associated with
network continue but mature both in scope and the level of
expertise. Documentation efforts continue. Documents are
and reviewed periodically for accuracy and completeness,
individual consultation will change as network users become
sophisticated and experienced in using the network. As more and
consulting and information services are made available through
network itself, network information staff will likely find
increasingly involved in "training the trainers" or in
consultation and help sessions with faculty and researchers
involved in collaborative research over the network
Promotion activities must also continue to involve new faculty
staff, to promote and advertise major campus network activities
NETTF [Page 14]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
projects, and to highlight new services and projects available on
Internet. The continuing effort, which can include a
newsletter or periodic seminars on network services, is a
and crucial part of recruiting new and innovative uses of
Internet, which will act to justify continued development
investment
6. Evaluation
A system as complex and ubiquitous as the campus data
requires periodic review and evaluation. As the campus
provides the primary access to the larger Internet community
evaluation strategies must include analyses of how and where
Internet is most heavily used and how campus data flows
optimize that traffic
Evaluation of network statistics provide key information on how
network is used and who is using it. In turn, this must lead
assessment mechanisms to gauge user satisfaction with the network
the tools used to make use of the network. At the base level,
are the tools provided within the network protocol itself -- Telnet
FTP, SMTP mail -- that provide fundamental access to the Internet
But as campus use of the network and the Internet matures, the
network community itself will build on those tools to provide
"campus customized" tools used on the network. Network
should evaluate user needs and, where appropriate, design
friendly interface mechanisms especially suited to special
area needs
While the use of quantitative methods of evaluation are important
they can not replace qualitative methods. If end-users are unhappy
if problems continue to be reported even though the statistics
technical monitors show few errors, organizations must recognize
serious problems do exist and take immediate action to resolve them
The use of the Internet itself and its impact on campus research
instruction goals must be reviewed and evaluated. The
of new technology inevitably involves reorientation and new means
communication. While this should be a benefit to the
community as a whole, the new technologies may leave some segments
the community disoriented. A careful evaluation of the impact
this new technology should determine not only which areas of
benefit from Internet participation, but also which areas are
benefitting from the new technology. Planning strategies
include special attention to areas not making use of
resources to make those areas aware of the potential benefits and
provide training in the use of the network. In summary
universities, schools, colleges and institutions in the
NETTF [Page 15]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
community must incorporate a mechanism to evaluate both
benefits as well as hidden costs of that participation
7. Appendix A. Partial List of U.S. IP Service
Joel
Vice President - Client
Advanced Network and
2901 Hubbard Rd
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
(313) 663-7610
maloff@nis.ans.
William
Pine Hall Rm. 115
Stanford, CA 94305-4122
(415) 723-3104
gd.why@forsythe.stanford.
Fax: (415) 723-0010
Susan
San Diego Supercomputer
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, CA 92186-9784
(619) 534-5067
estradas@sdsc.
Fax: (619) 534-5167
Michael
ITI
2901 Hubbard Drive Pod
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
staman@cic.
(313) 998-6101
Fax: (313) 998-6105
NETTF [Page 16]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
Colorado
Ken
CSM Computing
Colorado School
1500
Golden, Colorado 80401
(303) 273-3471
kharmon@csn.
Fax: (303) 273-3475
Joe
CONCERT (Communications for
Education, Research, and Technology
P.O. Box 12889
3021 Cornwallis
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
(919) 248-1404
jrr@concert.
Fax: (919) 248-1405
Jim
1112 16th Street
Washington D.C. 20036
(202) 872-4200
conklin@bitnic.
Fax: (202) 872-4318
Chris
Manager, Network
Office of the
Information Resources and
P.O. Box 3842
Seal Beach, CA 90740-7842
(213) 985-9669
chris@calstate.
Fax: (213) 985-9400
NETTF [Page 17]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
Sergio
6 von Neumann
Princeton
Princeton, NJ 08544
(609) 258-2411
heker@jvnc.
Fax: (609) 258-2424
LOS
Ann
USC/Information Sciences
4676 Admiralty
Marina del Rey, Ca 90292
(310) 822-1511
Fax: (310) 823-6714
Eric
Merit
2200 Bonisteel Blvd
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2112
(313) 764-9423
ema@merit.
Fax: (313) 747-3745
Dale
29
University of
Lincoln, NE 68588
(402) 472-5032
dmf@westie.unl.
Fax: (402) 472-5280
Dennis
Executive
The Minnesota Regional
511 11th Avenue South, Box 212
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415
(612) 342-2570
dfazio@MR.
Fax: (612) 344-1716
NETTF [Page 18]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
Joseph H.
P.O. Box 3000
Boulder, CO 80307-3000
(303) 497-1222
choy@ncar.ucar.
Fax: (303) 497-1137
John
Accounts
BBN Systems and
10 Moulton
Cambridge, MA 02138
(617) 873-2935
jrugo@nic.near.
Ed
University of
Computing Services
1304 W.
Urbana, IL 61801
(217) 333-7886
e-krol@uiuc.
University of Nevada
Computing
4505 Maryland
Las Vegas, NV 89154
(702) 739-3557
Eric S.
Executive
2435 233rd Place
Redmond, WA 98053
(206) 562-3000
ehood@nwnet.
NETTF [Page 19]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
Jim
NYSERNET
111 College
Room 3-211
Syracuse, New York 13244
(315) 443-4120
luckett@nysernet.
Fax: (315) 425-7518
Alison A.
Ohio Supercomputer
1224 Kinnear
Columbus, Ohio 43085
(614) 292-9248
alison@osc.
Fax: (614) 292-7168
Eugene
4 Bancroft Ave., Rm. 116
University of
Ontario M5S 1A
(416) 978-5058
eugene@vm.utcs.utoronto.
Fax: (416) 978-6620
Thomas W.
530 North Neville
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
(412) 268-7870
twb+@andrew.cmu.
Fax: (412) 268-7875
Eugene F. Hastings,
Pittsburgh Supercomputing
4400 5th
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
(412) 268-4960
hastings@psc.
Fax: (412) 268-5832
NETTF [Page 20]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
William L.
President &
11800 Sunrise Valley
Suite 1100
Reston, VA 22091
(703) 620-6651
wls@psi.
Fax: (703) 620-4586
E. Paul Love, Jr
San Diego Supercomputer
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, CA 92186-9784
(619) 534-5043
loveep@sdsc.
Fax: (619) 514-5152
Farrell
Office of Networking
Computing
Rice
Houston, TX 77251-1892
(713) 527-4988
farrell@rice.
FAX: (713) 527-6099
Jack
1353 Computer Science
University of
College Park, Maryland 20742-2411
(301) 454-5434
hahn@umd5.umd.
Tracy LaQuey
Computation
University of
Austin, TX 78712
(512) 471-5046
tracy@utexas.
NETTF [Page 21]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
James A.
Academic Computing
Gilmer
University of
Charlottesville, VA 22903
jaj@boole.acc.virginia.
Pat
601 S. Howes, 6th Floor
Colorado State
Fort Collins, CO 80523
(303) 491-7260
pburns@yuma.ACNS.ColoState.
Fax: (303) 491-2293
8. Appendix B. NSFNet Backbone Services Acceptable Use
THE NSFNET BACKBONE SERVICES ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY -
February 1992
GENERAL PRINCIPLE
(1) NSFNET Backbone services are provided to support open
and education in and among US research and
institutions, plus research arms of for-profit firms
engaged in open scholarly communication and research. Use
other purposes is not acceptable
SPECIFICALLY ACCEPTABLE USES
(2) Communication with foreign researchers and educators
connection with research or instruction, as long as any
that the foreign user employs for such communication
reciprocal access to US researchers and educators
(3) Communication and exchange for professional development,
maintain currency, or to debate issues in a field or subfield
knowledge
(4) Use for disciplinary-society, university-association
government-advisory, or standards activities related to
user's research and instructional activities
NETTF [Page 22]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
(5) Use in applying for or administering grants or contracts
research or instruction, but not for other fundraising or
relations activities
(6) Any other administrative communications or activities in
support of research and instruction
(7) Announcements of new products or services for use in research
instruction, but not advertising of any kind
(8) Any traffic originating from a network of another member
of the Federal Networking Council if the traffic meets
acceptable use policy of that agency
(9) Communication incidental to otherwise acceptable use, except
illegal or specifically unacceptable use
UNACCEPTABLE USES
(10) Use for for-profit activities (consulting for pay, sales
administration of campus stores, sale of tickets to
events, and so on) or use by for-profit institutions
covered by the General Principle or as a specifically
use
(11) Extensive use for private or personal business
This statement applies to use of the NSFNET Backbone only.
expects that connecting networks will formulate their own
policies. The NSF Division of Networking and Communications
and Infrastructure will resolve any questions about this Policy
its interpretation
9.
[1] Holbrook, P., and J. Reynolds, Editors, "Site
Handbook", FYI 8, RFC 1244, CICNet, USC/Information
Institute, July 1991.
[2] Internet Activities Board, "Ethics and the Internet", RFC 1087,
IAB, January 1989.
[3] Comer, Douglas, "Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles
Protocols, and Architectures", Second Edition, Prentice Hall
Englewood Cliffs, N.J, 1991.
[4] Libes, D., "Choosing a Name for Your Computer", FYI 5, RFC 1178,
Integrated Systems Group/NIST, August 1990.
NETTF [Page 23]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
10. Security
Institutions who wish to connect to the Internet should be aware
the Internet network is, by nature, and open network. As such
connecting institutions must make sure that security mechanisms
in force on their own campus network to ensure that unauthorized
inappropriate use of campus resources is not exploited by either
internal campus or by the external Internet community. Moreover,
is incumbent on the institution to ensure that the campus
is aware of the proper use of the Internet. The institution
the responsibility to educate its users on the appropriate use
campus systems within the context of proper and ethical use of
Internet
An assessment of security on the campus network prior to
to the Internet should ensure that all required security patches
installed on all campus connected systems as well as on the
network. Systems with sensitive data or information should
physically secure as well as up to date with software
patches. In so far as possible, network addressable devices
be secure. Changes to these devices should only be effected
authorized network management personnel to avoid potential
risks
For more information on security issues, refer to FYI 8, RFC 1244,
"Site Security Handbook" [1].
In summary, it is only the cooperation and attention of
connecting institution on the Internet to security issues that
ensure the security of the Internet as a whole
11. Authors'
ACM SIGUCCS Networking
E-Mail discussion list: nettf@comet.cit.cornell.
Martyne M. Hallgren,
Cornell
143 Caldwell
Ithaca,
Phone: (607) 255-5510
EMail: martyne@nr-tech.cit.cornell.
Jack
University of San
San Diego,
NETTF [Page 24]
RFC 1359 Connecting to the Internet August 1992
Pat
MERIT, Inc
Ann Arbor,
John
Eastern Michigan
Ypsilanti,
Steven
University of California, Los
Los Angeles,
Joyce
University of
Fayetteville,
NETTF [Page 25]
if you see any problems within the linking, don't worry be happy,
this is version 0.1 of the Relevance System and you gotta expect some crappy subroutines sometimes,
just be content we did not write this in Java, which would have made this "bigger and better" HAHAHHA.
RFC documents can be found at I.E.T.F.
Relevance System Copyright © 2002 Spectrum WorldResearch
other technical nosh by ServerMasters Corporation
collaboration of BobX
