As per Relevance of the word communication, we have this rfc below:
Network Working Group V.
Request for Comments: 829
November 1982
PACKET SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY REFERENCE
Vinton G.
Defense Advanced Research Projects
This paper describes briefly the packet satellite technology
by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and several
participating organizations in the U.K. and Norway and provides
biblography of relevant papers for researchers interested
experimental and operational experience with this
satellite-sharing technique
Packet Satellite technology was an outgrowth of early work in
switching on multiaccess radio channels carried out at the University
Hawaii with the support of the Defense Advanced Research Projects
(DARPA). The primary difference between the earlier packet-
ARPANET [1, 2] and the ALOHA system developed at the University
Hawaii [3] was the concept of multiple transmitters dynamically
a common and directly-accessible radio channel. In the ARPANET,
of traffic inserted packets of data into the network through
switches called Interface Message Processors (IMPs). The IMPs used
speed point-to-point full-duplex telephone circuits [4] on
store-and-forward basis. All packet traffic for a given
circuit was queued, if necessary, in the IMP and transmitted as soon
the packet reached the head of the queue. On such full duplex
there is exactly one transmitter and one receiver in each direction
The ALOHA system, on the other hand, assigned a common transmit
frequency to ALL radio terminals. A computer at the University
Hawaii received packet bursts from the remote terminals which shared
"multi-access" channel. Under the control of a small processor,
terminal would transmit whenever it had traffic, and would await
acknowledgement, on another frequency, dedicated to the service host.
no acknowledgement was received, the terminal processor would
again at a randomly chosen time. The system operated on the
that no store-and-forward or radio relay was needed. The University
Hawaii researchers later demonstrated that the ALOHA concept worked on
satellite channel linking Hawaii and Nasa-Ames via NASA's ATS-1
satellite [5, 6]. A variety of more elaborate satellite
assignment strategies were developed and analyzed in the early 1970'
[7-13, 31].
Cerf [Page 1]
RFC 829 November 1982
Remote User Telnet
THE ATLANTIC PACKET SATELLITE EXPERIMENT (SATNET
In 1973, DARPA began the development of a packet satellite system
would support the sharing of a common, high speed channel among
ground stations. Using an INTELSAT-IV satellite, the Atlantic
Satellite experiment was carried out with the cooperation and support
the British Post Office, COMSAT Corporation, Linkabit Corporation,
Bolt Beranek and Newman Corporation, later joined by the
Telecommunication Administration and the Norwegian Defense
Establishment (NDRE). Along with University College London and
Laboratories, NDRE became one of the major users of the SATNET system
During 1975-1978, SATNET underwent a broad range of
evaluations and tests. Since 1979, it has served as a stable
for international experiments and demonstrations of command and
technology of interest to DARPA, NDRE and the U.K. Royal Signals
Radar Establishment (RSRE). Late in 1982, a ground station was added
connect the German Aeronautics and Space Research Establishment (DFVLR
into the system
The early development of SATNET is outlined in [14]. The system
is documented in [15-22]. Experience with the operation of the
is reported in [23-24] and experimental results in [25-26].
services which might be supported by this technology are discussed
[27].
The integration of the packet satellite technology into a larger
multiple packet network context is discussed in [28-29]. The system
expected to continue in use to support joint research by DARPA, RSRE
NDRE, DFVLR and UCL. DARPA and the U.S. Defense Communications
are experimenting with a 3 megabit/second domestic packet
system to determine whether packetized voice and data services can
integrated economically using this technology. DARPA and the U.S.
Electronic Systems Command recently demonstrated a Mobile
Terminal Network (MATNET) which uses packet satellite techniques
support ship-ship and ship-shore communication over a shared
satellite channel [30].
The development of Packet Satellite technology has involved
institutions and individuals, but special credit for the
realization of the SATNET and its successor systems must be given to Dr
Robert E. Kahn, Director, Information Processing Techniques Office
DARPA, for his continuous support and technical contributions
the development and maturation of this technology
Cerf [Page 2]
RFC 829 November 1982
Remote User Telnet
1. L.G. Roberts and B.D. Wessler, "Computer Network Development
Achieve Resource Sharing," Spring Joint Computer Conference,
Proceedings, Vol. 36, 1970, pp. 543-549.
2. R.E. Kahn, "Resource Sharing Computer Networks," Proceedings of
IEEE, Vol. 60, No. 11, November 1972, pp. 1397-1407.
3. N. Abramson, "The Aloha System - Another Alternative for
Communications," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Vol. 36, 1970, pp
295-298.
4. F.E. Heart, et al, "The Interface Message Processor of the
Computer Network, Spring Joint Computer Conference, AFIPS Proceedings
1970, pp. 551-567.
5. R. Binder, et al, "Aloha Packet Broadcasting--a retrospect,"
Conference Proceedings, National Computer Conference, 1975, pp. 203-215.
6. N. Abramson and F. Kuo, Editors, Computer Communication Networks
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1973.
7. L. Kleinrock and S. Lam, "Packet Switching in a Slotted
Channel," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, NCC, 1973, pp. 703-710.
8. L. Kleinrock and F. Tobagi, "Random Access Techniques for
Transmission over Packet Switched Radio Channels," AFIPS
Proceedings, NCC, 1975, pp. 187-201.
9. L. Kleinrock and S.S. Lam, "Packet Switching in a
Broadcast Channel: Performance Evaluation," IEEE Transactions
Communication, Vol. COM-23, 1975, pp. 410-423.
10. L.G. Roberts, "Aloha Packet System with and without Slots
Capture," ACM SIGCOMM, Computer Communication Review, Vol 5, No. 2,
April 1975.
11. S.S. Lam and L. Kleinrock, "Packet Switching in a Multi-
Broadcast Channel: Dynamic Control Procedures," IEEE Transactions
Communication, Vol Com-23, September, 1975.
12. L.G. Roberts, "Dynamic Allocation of Satellite Capacity
Packet Reservation," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, NCC, 1973, pp
711-716.
13. N. Abramson, "Packet Switching with Satellites," AFIPS
Proceedings, NCC, 1973, pp. 695-702.
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RFC 829 November 1982
Remote User Telnet
14. R.E. Kahn, "The Introduction of Packet Satellite Communications,"
National Telecommunications Conference, Nov. 1979, p. 45.1.1-45.1.8.
15. I.M. Jacobs, et al, "CPODA - A Demand Assignment Protocol
SATNET," Fifth Data Communications Symposium, Snowbird, Utah, 1977.
16. I.M. Jacobs, et.al, "General Purpose Satellite Networks,"
Proceedings IEEE, Vol 66, No. 11, November 1978, pp. 1448-1467.
17. I.M. Jacobs, et al, "Packet Satellite Network Design Issues,"
Proceedings, NTC, November 1979.
18. L. Palmer, J. Kaiser, S. Rothschild and D. Mills, "SATNET
Data Transmission," COMSAT Technical Review, Volume 12, No. 1,
1982, pp. 181-212.
19. Weissler, et al, "Synchronization and Multiple Access Protocol
the Initial Satellite IMP," COMPCON, September 1978.
20. Hsu and Lee, "Channel Scheduling Snychronization for the
Protocol," ICC, June 1978.
21. E. Killian and R. Binder, "Control Issues in a PODA Voice/
Satellite Network," ICC, June 1980.
22. C. Heegaard, J. Heller and A. Viterbi, "A Microprocessor-based
Modem for Packet Transmission over Satellite Channels,"
Transactions on Communications, COM-26, No. 5, May 1978, pp. 552-564.
23. P. Cudhea, D. McNeill, D. Mills, "SATNET Operations," AIAA 9
Communications Satellite Systems Conference, Collection of
Papers, 1982, pp. 100-105.
24. D.A. McNeill, et al, "SATNET Monitoring and Control,"
of the NTC, November 1979.
25. P.T. Kirstein, et al, "SATNET Applications Activities,"
of the NTC, November 1979.
26. W.W. Chu, et al, "Experimental Results on the Packet
Network," Proceedings of the NTC, November 1979.
27. E.V. Hoversten and H. L. Van Trees, "International Broadcast
Satellite Services," ICCC Conference Proceedings, Kyoto, Japan
September 1978.
28. V.G. Cerf and R.E. Kahn, "A Protocol for Packet
Intercommunication," IEEE Trans. on Comm., Vol. COM-23, May 1974, pp
637-648.
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RFC 829 November 1982
Remote User Telnet
29. V.G. Cerf and P.T. Kirstein, "Issues in Packet
Interconnection," IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 66, No. 11, Nov 1978, pp
1386-1408.
30. L. Evenchik, D. McNeill, R.P. Rice, F. Deckelman, et al, "MATNET
an Experimental Navy Shipboard Satellite Communications Network, "
INFOCOM 82 Proceedings, March, 1982.
31. M.L. Molle and L. Kleinrock, "Analysis of Concentrated
Satellite Links," Sixth Data Communications Symposium, Nov 27-29, 1979,
pp. 87-95.
Cerf [Page 5]
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